5/10/2023 0 Comments Deviant art view all status postsIt offers northerly panoramic ocean views and direct access to Point Lookout's Cylinder Beach.Your destination for buying luxury private islands. Thirty days later, the new property owner should receive the title deed.The Stradbroke Island Beach Hotel occupies an exclusive headland site on the most easterly point of the Queensland coastline. The parties then sign a sales agreement and the documents are forwarded to the Land Registry. In addition to houses in Portland, there were also 984 condos, 310 townhouses, and 132 multi-family units for sale in Portland last month.Cheap land plots for sale in the Czech Republic - without intermediaries and extra charges. North Stradbroke Island Hotels and Places to Stay.Find land for sale, acerage, farms & cheap land lots in Portland, OR. Did I forget to add that it's on sale with over a 50% discount? The second catch - it's a desert with windswept plains and little vegetation.Hi we are planning self drive north Stradbroke island and children want to snorkle and seefish from shore cananyone help. The land they are offering is so cheap… it's free. If you're looking at price alone, Marquette, Kansas has an offer you can't refuse. Own the last elevated land available in the Outer Banks of North Carolina! This is the finest of NC's deep waterfront property.1. Private Islands Online is the most comprehensive guide to buying, selling and renting private islands. Houses and apartments for sale Russia: Real estate listings Russia for the purchase and sale by owners of houses, apartments or land.Browse hundreds of islands available for sale and rent worldwide. Having become state deputy attorney general in 1953, he won his first statewide race in 1954 for attorney general. Stradbroke Island Commercial Real Estate Agents.Rather than just focusing on the cheapest prices which are often found in small towns and the countryside in parts of the world where foreigners can't easily get access to, I will also look at some of the cheapest land prices in developed countries as well.Stafford, Robert T(heodore) (b. Stradbroke Island Development Sites & Land for Lease. Thirty days later, the new property owner should receive the title deed.Stradbroke Island Commercial Farming & Rural Property for Sale. ![]() ![]() The column chart shows the Spending is needed on a lot of small things for example, improved and cheaper broadband will be Reducing the carbon emissions of barges and providing cheaper transport networks throughout the.Cheap land plots for sale in the Czech Republic - without intermediaries and extra charges. Leggi le recensioni e confronta centinaia di tariffe di voli andata e ritorno per scegliere la compagnia aerea più adatta a te.North Stradbroke Island Employment by Industry (click to enlarge). Cheaper taxes than bigger centers, lower cost of living and a more relax pace of life, this beautiful countryside property is situated.Prenota voli low cost per North Stradbroke Island: cerca e confronta tariffe aeree su Tripadvisor e trova i voli migliori per il tuo viaggio a North Stradbroke Island. Sorry the property you are looking for is no longer available Browse the list below for other properties for sale near Stradbroke or refine your.Land for sale in Ontario ! Find farms, farmland, beach properties, forest, cottage lots, offered for sale by Listings in Land for Sale in Ontario. See houses and flats from the top agents in Stradbroke and get contact details for enquiries. Moreton Island offers something unique among the sandy 4WD and camping destinations close to Brisbane, making it one of the.Browse a range of property to buy in Stradbroke with Primelocation. ![]() Stradbroke Ferries operate regular vehicular ferry services to Dunwich from Toondah Harbour at Cleveland.
0 Comments
5/10/2023 0 Comments Froguts virtual frog dissection![]() These “fingery” looking structures are usually underneath the stomach. Locate the heart, usually near the top of the liver.ġ. They may appear spongy or floppy and deflated.9. Locate the two small dark pink lungs, which are on either side of the heart. Locate the dark red spleen, also in the tissues of the mesentery.8. It is attached to the “curve” of the stomach, usually lying underneath it, and might look like a thin thread, within the mesentery, the membranous tissue that connects the internal organs.7. It has a half moon shape and is usually found on the left side of the body cavity.5. ![]() Locate the stomach -the largest of the digestive organs. Locate the liver (the large, dark three-lobed organ) and the smaller gall bladder that lies beneath it.3. Then continue to learn about the internal organs of the frog by clicking on the organs, reading the information and remove each organ immediately to the organ tray.2. Close the Instructions to begin activity.)Click on an organ to learn about it, then remove it immediately to the organ tray.ġ. Instructions: Internal anatomy(Scroll down to read all the instructions. > 0 0 TVO 11 3 1658 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-CA JA X-NONE These are the testes, where the sperm is produced in the male. If your frog lacks these large egg bodies, look carefully for two yellow small bean shaped organs. If your frog is a mature female, locate the ovaries which contain hundreds of darkly colored eggs. ![]() Locate the heart, usually near the top of the liver.ġ0. They may appear spongy or floppy and deflated.ĩ. Locate the dark red spleen, also in the tissues of the mesentery.Ĩ. It is attached to the “curve” of the stomach, usually lying underneath it, and might look like a thin thread, within the mesentery, the membranous tissue that connects the internal organs.ħ. It has a half moon shape and is usually found on the left side of the body cavity.ĥ. Locate the liver (the large, dark three-lobed organ) and the smaller gall bladder that lies beneath it.ģ. ![]() Then continue to learn about the internal organs of the frog by clicking on the organs, reading the information and remove each organ immediately to the organ tray.Ģ. You’ll then need to carefully cut through the muscle layer and pin that.Ĭlick on an organ to learn about it, then remove it immediately to the organ tray.ġ. Bile is needed for the proper digestion of fats.Instructions: Internal anatomyTo begin the dissection you’ll first need to pin and secure your frog, then choose a tool and create the skin incision. The liver is not primarily an organ of digestion, it does secrete a digestive juice called bile. The right lobe, the left anterior lobe, and the left posterior lobe. This brown colored organ is composed of three parts, or lobes. Peritoneum A spider web like membrane that covers many of the organs, you may have to carefully pick it off to get a clear view Liver-The largest structure of the the body cavity. Usually they are located just on the inside of the abdominal wall. Fat Bodies -Spaghetti shaped structures that have a bright orange or yellow color, if you have a particularly fat frog, these fat bodies may need to be removed to see the other structures. Use what you know about humans to help, too! Check the box to indicate that you found the organs. D has a photo on the projector to help you. You may need to remove these eggs to view the organs. *If your specimen is a female, the body may be filled with eggs and an enlarged ovary. Life the flaps of the body wall and pin back. Make transverse (horizontal) cuts near the arms and legs. Twist scissors to the side over chest to avoid cutting into chest bone. Cut along the midline of the body from the pelvic to the pectoral girdle. Use scissors to life the abdominal muscles away from the body cavity. Use scalpel to gently cut skin along the lines as in the diagram, and pin skin back. Place the frog in the dissecting pan ventral side up. Virtual dissection website: Dissection Instructions 1. 5/10/2023 0 Comments Oggy and cockroaches hindi dubbed![]() Episode starts: Oggy and Jack pack their bags and be excited to go to the beach as they think that the beach is similar to Andaman and Nicobar islands during the holidays. They see the map and were about to start the vehicle but to their surprise, they see the cockroaches. Main article: Oggy and the Cockroaches: The Movie The film Oggy and the Cockroaches: The Movie (originally Oggy et les Cafards, Le Film) was released to theatres on 7 August 2013. Jack who is frustrated, whacks up the cockroaches and is about to abandon them but Oggy says Jack that they'll abandon the cockroaches in places like a gas-station. A magazine called Oggy et les Cafards, le mag came out in France in 2009 (two issues), then again in 2011. 100 of 2 reviewers would recommend this video. Oggy And The Cockroaches In Hindi Dubbed Gali Video Info Info Ratings & Reviews (2) 5. Video ID: 3902 Format: MP4 Genre: Funny Views: 9151 Size: 16.72 MB Reviews: 2. Oggy says the cockroaches that they'll be taken for the ride. Oggy And The Cockroaches In Hindi Dubbed Gali. The cockroaches were happy and Oggy and Jack laugh as they're plan is going to start. ![]() They pass through the toll gate after paying and they were driving in the midway. ![]() The cockroaches sing the Holiday song where the lyrics is Holiday-Holiday-Holiday-School is on a holiday (This can be heard in dubbed languages like Hindi) in a loud voice but Oggy asks them to stop singing. Get on and watch videos of the all-time favourite cartoons of every kid. The cockroaches were bored but Dee Dee takes a frisbee and plays it inside the car but after several hits, Jack threw it on a car which makes the driver crash with a tree. Watch your favourite Oggy and the Cockroaches videos only on. #Oggy and the cockroaches in hindi dubbed driver# The cats then found a gas station, much to their delight knowing that the place is good for abandoning the cockroaches. Jack fills gas in the car while Oggy takes the cockroaches to the Superstore where the cockroaches buy a large amount of crisps when Oggy goes through an alley of restrooms, breaks the window and jumps towards the car. As he knows that cockroaches would follow him but he's unable to enter the window so he tells Jack to accelerate the car. They were happy but their victory is short-lived as the engine blasts up.
![]() You'll receive all printable worksheets including all the questionnaires, coloring pages and answer keys. Check out our collection of Area Worksheets for 3rd Grade Math - perfect for giving your kids more practice at this important math skill during your. Then, they choose the letter of their answers from a list and color the squares to discover the mystery pictures. a Equations balancing math grade worksheets equation worksheet 3rd sheet. ![]() These are no-prep coloring worksheets - just print and you're ready to go! To use, let your kids answer the area and perimeter problems. the perimeter and area of each rectangle Worksheets math algebra 6th grade. Both parents and children often find the long division technique complicated at first glance, and sometimes, they get stuck.This is a bundle of our area and perimeter mystery picture packets for 3rd grade. MATH PLAYGROUND 1st Grade Games 2nd Grade Games 3rd Grade Games. Long division is a technique for dividing a big integer by another large one of at least two digits. The math worksheets are randomly and dynamically generated by our math worksheet generators. At Brighterly, you can download printable time-telling Get worksheet Long Division Worksheets To streamline the teaching process, you can take extra learning resources with illustrative visuals and drills, like time-telling worksheets. Measurement units (customary or metric) are used. After all, it requires children to understand time units, count up to 60, and read the clock’s hands. Area and perimeter worksheets: rectangles (with measurement units) In these worksheets, students calculate for the perimeter and area rectangles given the lengths or two adjacent sides. Time telling is a lot more complex than you might think. Given a rectangle with specified dimensions, third graders are. Benefits of Using a Get worksheet Telling Time Kindergarten Worksheets Free area and perimeter worksheets and free area and perimeter distance learning. This Rectangles - Same Area and Different Perimeter Worksheet is suitable for 3rd Grade. MGSE3.MD.8 Solve real world and mathematical problems involving perimeters of polygons, including finding the perimeter. an area of tropical rainforest that has been erosion Marys College 3rd Term. That is why creative tutors use a simplifying fractions worksheet to guide students’ first steps in their journey with fractions. printable Science worksheets for 3rd Grade students This compilation of. They need to know how to reduce fractions and express them in their simplest forms. When kids encounter fractions at school for the first time, everything will seem strange to them. 5/10/2023 0 Comments Ruby and quiri gloversville nyAmsterdam, with Pastor Scott Baldwin, officiating. Colleen leaves four grandchildren Vincent Saj, Jenna Levine, Gavin Ward and Leland Ward, as well as nieces, nephews and her long time companion Robert Robinson of Gloversville.Ī funeral service will be held 11 am Monday Novemat the Crossroad's Community Church, 24 Division St. She is also survived by her father of Johnstown, brothers Donald Mittler Andrea and David Mittler Bella both of Broadalbin and a sister Cathy Croston David of Williamsburg, Virginia. ![]() Survivors include her children Steven Cornell Melissa of Clifton Park, Timothy Cornell Becky of Broadalbin and Heather Cornell of Amsterdam. ![]() She will be sadly missed by all who knew her, especially her loving, devoted family. A trusted friend, Colleen always seemed to be the one to turn to for advice, guidance and understanding. She was passionate about her music, animals and would look forward to horse racing season at Sartatoga. She was currently an active member of the Crossroads Community Church in Amsterdam.Ĭolleen enjoyed traveling, especially her Florida vacations. A former Sunday school teacher at the Broadalbin United Methodist Church, Colleen was also a member of the Broadalbin Fire Department Auxiliary and well known for her volunteering, especially "walk for life". She was employed at Ruby & Quiri for the past 12 years as a customer service manager. Colleen graduated Broadalbin High School in 1976 and earned an Associate Degree from FMCC, where she also played basketball. ![]() Mittler and the late Mildred Cleveland Mittler. She was born Jin Amsterdam, daughter of Donald D. She went to be with her Lord on November 8, 2012. Cornell, 54, of Broadalbin, passed away with her loving family at her side at Albany Medical Center Hospital, following a courageous battle with cancer. 5/10/2023 0 Comments Garrys mod portable![]() There are many different open source licenses but they all must comply with the Open Source Definition - in brief: the software can be freely used, modified and shared. Programs released under this license can be used at no cost for both personal and commercial purposes. Open Source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify or enhance. Freeware products can be used free of charge for both personal and professional (commercial use). VIDEO CARD: 1GB dedicated VRAM or betterĪlso Available: Download Garry’s Mod for Macįreeware programs can be downloaded used free of charge and without any time limitations. ![]() System Requirements - Can I Run Garry's Mod The only notable hardware requirement is RAM memory, with 4GB being needed for basic work and 8GB for the optimum gaming experience. Today it can be played on almost any gaming PC and can even flawlessly run on modern laptops. Garry’s Mod is an innovative piece of software that paved the way for many other modern sandbox games such as Roblox, Minecraft, and Dreams. With hundreds of engaging mods and over 300 thousand models, maps, and contraptions that can be imported into a sandbox environment, almost anyone can quickly learn how to create brand new visual showcases, fun animations, and engaging mods that can be played either solo or with friends.īe aware that some mods require the presence of other Source-based games such as Counter-Strike: Source and Team Fortress 2. Another popular mode is “ Prop Hunt”, where players can hide inside ordinary objects and become part of an elaborate hide and seek game. ![]() One of the most popular modes of play present inside Garry’s Mod is “ Trouble In Terrorist Town” where gamers can become detectives solving an intricate online murder as other players try to cover up their homicides. While the majority of content available in Garry’s Mod Gmod revolves around the user-made content developed by millions of active users, the package also includes tools for the creation of standalone mods (including scripting support in Lua and JavaScript). The game requires a payment to be purchased, however, all the content made inside of it is available to everyone for free. The players can simply spawn non-player characters, props and ragdolls, set them up in any way they want, and experiment with them inside a powerful physics-based sandbox environment.Īfter many years on the market, Garry’s Mod was transformed into a standalone premium package that can be downloaded from the Steam game marketplace. With no set objectives or any scripted gameplay offered inside the game world, this game’s primary goal is to provide users with a wide variety of tools so that they can express themselves in countless ways. While many other mods focused on altering gameplay options, content, and services found in other video games, Garry’s Mod was more unique and allowed players to freely play with 3D models, animation, and camera systems offered by the Source engine.Ĭreate & Host Your Own Dedicated Garry’s Mod Server in a Matter of Minutes! Garry's Mod (also known as GMod) is a popular sandbox game that was originally created in 2004 by Garry Newman as a mod for the Source game engine. ![]() In short: You, my friend, are in need of a good cry. When you come home, and it feels like life kicked you in the teeth in a major way (#relatable #everyday #whenisitfriday), sometimes it helps to let it all out before you figure out what to eat. You can download My Heart Goes Boom (Plasmic Honey's Radio Edit) on JioSaavn App.Okay, so it's absolutely no secret that the last two three several years have been intense, and that's me being generous-which means you obviously need a sad song playlist to get you in your feels. How can I download My Heart Goes Boom (Plasmic Honey's Radio Edit) ? ![]() The duration of the song My Heart Goes Boom (Plasmic Honey's Radio Edit) is 3:09 minutes. What is the duration of My Heart Goes Boom (Plasmic Honey's Radio Edit) ? My Heart Goes Boom (Plasmic Honey's Radio Edit) is sung by French Affair. Who is the singer of My Heart Goes Boom (Plasmic Honey's Radio Edit) ? ![]() My Heart Goes Boom (Plasmic Honey's Radio Edit) is a english song from the album My Heart Goes Boom - The Us Remixes. Which album is the song My Heart Goes Boom (Plasmic Honey's Radio Edit) from? My Heart Goes Boom (Plasmic Honey's Radio Edit) is a english song released in 2010. (P) 2010 SCOREmusic FAQs for My Heart Goes Boom (Plasmic Honey's Radio Edit) When was My Heart Goes Boom (Plasmic Honey's Radio Edit) released? La di da da, la la la la la la La di da da, la la la la la la La di da da, la la la la la la Da di da da, la la la la la la La di da da, la la la la la la (Mon coeur fait boom) Da di da da, la la la la la la (My heart goes boom) Da di da da, la la la la la la (Mon coeur fait boom) Da di da da, la la la la la la (My heart goes boom) La di da da, la la la la la la La di da da, la la la la la la La di da da, la la la la la la Da di da da, la la la la la la La di da da, la la la la la la La di da da, la la la la la la La di da da, la la la la la la Da di da da, la la la la la la La di da da, la la la la la la La di da da, la la la la la la La di da da, la la la la la la Da di da da, la la la la la la (La, la, la, la, la, la, la) I'm walking down the street and my heart goes boom In minutes we will meet and my heart goes boom When we are out together I want love forever I'm walking down the street and my heart goes boom, boom, boom And my heart goes boom Baby, be my lover, I don't want no other What I really, really, really want is you I don't need no education, stupid conversation For the things I wanna do Baby, be my lover, I don't want no other What I really, really, really want, it's true I can't wait to see you, wrap my arms around you Show you what I really wanna do La di da da, la la la la la la La di da da, la la la la la la La di da da, la la la la la la Da di da da, la la la la la la (La, la, la, la, la, la, la) Jusqu'à présent Je n'ai jamais senti la force de ton amour Si tu veux tout savoir Je sais bien qu'un jour Nous nous reverrons Et ça pour toujours Oh, mon amour Laisse-moi te toucher Caresser ta peau Ça me fait rêver Danser sur des rimes Qui nous font vibrer Je t'aime pour toujours Et ça tu le sais Your kisses are so sweet and my heart goes boom You're the only one I need and my heart goes boom The world keeps turning, my heart keeps burning I'm walking down the street and my heart goes boom, boom, boom And my heart goes boom Baby, be my lover, I don't want no other What I really, really, really want, it's true (boom, boom, boom) I can't wait to see you, wrap my arms around you show you what I really, really, really, really, really Really, really, really, really wanna do. 5/10/2023 0 Comments Journler for mac![]() It does preserve creation/modification date, tags, categories and folders (which both become tags) etcĭid work great for my 2000+ journler entries, although some things did not work: Just wanted to point to michael carusos applescript to convert journler entries to evernote notes: »Journler to Evernote Export« There is no error checking, and standard disclaimers around ruining your existing Evernote records and formatting your hard drive apply. If you export multiple Journler categories into the same output Folder, they will end up in the same Evernote notebook after import.Ĭode for the applescript below. You may want to consider using the export process from Journler as a way to remap your categories. Rinse & repeat for your remaining Journler categories / notebooks. Remember: the name of this folder becomes the name of the notebook in Evernote.Ħ. Pick the folder you exported your Journler entries to. Load the applescript below into Script Editor.app, and run it.Ĥ. You can turn these settings back on after the import, but trust me - if you import > 10 Journler entries, you will want these off.ģ. In the General tab, click on "Grown preferences" and temporarily disable Growl for Evernote. Launch Evernote, go into Preferences, and in the Clipping tab, temporarily disable: "Bring note to front", "Bounce dock icon" and "Play a sound". in its own file all in a single folder." NB: The folder you save to will become the name of the Evernote notebook.Ģ. You need to export the entries as "Rich Text", Include header, Set file creation date, Set file modification date, and "Save each entry. ![]() For example, if you have a Journler folder called "Personal", select all entries and then choose: File / Export Selected Entries. Export all Journler records, by Journler category and/or target Evernote notebook. The Journler category is NOT parsed out or mapped, nor are tags supported.ġ. This approach will map Journler folders to Evernote notebooks, will preserve create & modification dates of your Journler entries, and preserves HTML formatting. Here's how I moved my Journler notes over. ![]() (There's a chance I just used his script wrong.) Since all my notes are bulleted and indented, I have to have the formatting preserved. I tried out Dale's script (Thank you, Dale!), but it seemed to lose the HTML formatting of my existing notes. 5/9/2023 0 Comments Drama queens podcast![]() Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie Sarah Paulson, Impeachment: American Crime Story Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or MovieĪndrew Garfield, Under the Banner of Heaven Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series Nathan Lane, Only Murders in the Building – WINNER Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series Sheryl Lee Ralph, Abbott Elementary – WINNER Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Martin Short, Only Murders in the Building Steve Martin, Only Murders in the Building Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series ![]() Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series She added: “The trauma of it was amplified by how public it became, which was incredibly foreign and bizarre to a girl who’d been just another college kid 24 months before her life blew up.” “I refuse to let that one relationship define me, which is why I’ve done my best to avoid discussing it for 10 years,” she began, while acknowledging that it was a “massive event” in her life. The actress, who recently wed Grant Hughes in a stunning and poignant Oklahoma wedding, previously refused to speak about her marriage to Murray as she didn’t want her career to be defined by a relationship. Nothing mattered to me but being honest for her,” she explained. They can say it’s strength, they can say it’s pride, they can say its professionalism - you can put a positive or a negative skew on I, but I was always going to put Brooke Davis ahead of everybody and everything else. I thought it was really beautiful,” she said.īush gave a very mature answer, explaining that regardless of what was going on in her personal life, she prioritized the show and the character that resonated with so many young women. I’m just sharing my heart and here we are’. You put your art in front of everybody and just were like, ‘Look, this is it. “And regardless of what all those circumstances were, that’s incredibly difficult - emotionally to be able to be vulnerable and be there in that moment. There’s lots of actors who have done that - who’ve done movies and TV shows and things, they date their costar or whatever, it doesn’t work out. But the fact that you were able to just be that raw and open and vulnerable, it’s a real credit to you as an artist. “Not for nothing, you were going through a breakup with the person that you were playing a romance opposite of,” Joy Lenz said. In fact, Bush said it was even more difficult because their characters, Brooke Davis and Lucas Scott, started dating around the same time their relationship was hitting a rough patch that it would never bounce back from. They got engaged in 2004 and married in 2005. While chatting with her former co-stars, Bethany Joy Lenz and Hilarie Burton-who are all too familiar with what went down between Biush and Murray-the actress opened up about the hardships of having to work on set after the couple divorced in 2006. Specifically, her marriage and divorce from One Tree Hill co-star, Chad Michael Murray. every One Tree Hill minute of it.Sophia Bush may have just gotten married, but she’s reflecting on a past, high-profile relationship on the Drama Queens podcast. These Drama Queens are getting back together!! Bethany Joy Lenz, Hilarie Burton and Sophia Bush are the biggest Drama Queens and they are here with you to dissect every episode, deliver every detail you must know, and devote themselves to you as you rewatch every single scene together. You can sit with us.Īre Brooke, Peyton and Haley your BFF goals? Is 23 more than just a number to you? Do you respond to people by saying I don't wanna be anything other than what I've been trying to be lately? Do you expect to have life-changing moments while caught in the confetti or the rain?Īre you One Tree Hill obsessed?.it's OK.we're here for you. Take yourself back in time.back to high school. The ups and downs, the loves the losses, the struggles the triumphs, being together with your friends.feeling every emotion of it. PLoS Biol 6(5):Īcademic Editor: Brigid L.M Hogan, Duke University, United States of America (2008) Genetic and Physiologic Dissection of the Vertebrate Cardiac Conduction System. Overall, these studies may prove rewarding toward developing therapeutic options aimed at maintaining and/or improving overall cardiac health.Ĭitation: Chi NC, Shaw RM, Jungblut B, Huisken J, Ferrer T, Arnaout R, et al. Furthermore, we have designed and performed a new, physiology-based, forward genetic screen to identify cardiac conduction mutants that would have escaped discovery in previous screens. Using this fluorescent transgenic line, we have observed four distinct physiologic cardiac conduction stages that correspond to cellular and anatomic changes of the developing heart. Working with zebrafish, a productive model system for understanding human disease, we have developed a cardiac-specific fluorescent calcium indicator zebrafish transgenic line to analyze the formation of the cardiac conduction system. Greater understanding of the cardiac conduction system, which coordinates rhythmic beating of the heart, may lead to novel and safer therapeutic options for these patients. Currently, the only proven preventive therapy for sudden cardiac death is the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator, which carries a significant burden and cost to the patient. Every year, approximately 450,000 individuals in the United States die suddenly from this event. The combination of the Tg( cmlc2: gCaMP) s878 line/in vivo optical mapping technique and characterization of cardiac conduction mutants provides a novel multidisciplinary approach to further understand the molecular determinants of the vertebrate CCS.Īberrant electrical activity of the heart, otherwise known as cardiac arrhythmia, may disrupt heart contractions, leading to loss of consciousness and sudden death. Positional cloning of hobgoblin s634 revealed that tcf2, a homeobox transcription factor gene involved in mature onset diabetes of the young and familial glomerulocystic kidney disease, also regulates conduction between the atrium and the ventricle. To identify novel regulators of the CCS, we designed and performed a new, physiology-based, forward genetic screen and identified for the first time, to our knowledge, 17 conduction-specific mutations. ![]() Additionally, we observed that epigenetic factors, such as hemodynamic flow and contraction, regulate the fast conduction network of this specialized electrical system. Utilizing a cardiac-specific fluorescent calcium indicator zebrafish transgenic line, Tg( cmlc2: gCaMP) s878, that allows for in vivo optical mapping analysis in intact animals, we identified and analyzed four distinct stages of cardiac conduction development that correspond to cellular and anatomical changes of the developing heart. Thus, a greater understanding of cardiac conduction development may help to prevent these devastating clinical outcomes. Defects in this specialized wiring system can lead to syncope and sudden cardiac death. Vertebrate hearts depend on highly specialized cardiomyocytes that form the cardiac conduction system (CCS) to coordinate chamber contraction and drive blood efficiently and unidirectionally throughout the organism. |